Adenomyosis  is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium)  grows into the muscular layer of the uterus (myometrium) . This leads to a bulky, tender uterus and can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life. Common Symptoms Adenomyosis may cause: Lower abdominal or pelvic pain Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding Dysmenorrhoea (painful periods) Infertility A feeling of bloating or fullness  in the lower abdomen Dyspareunia  (pain during sexual int

Laparoscopy has completely transformed the management of ectopic pregnancy , especially in cases of ruptured ectopic pregnancy . Today, it truly is a “quick in and quick out” procedure  when performed by an experienced team. In the past, laparoscopy was considered contraindicated  in ruptured ectopic pregnancy. This was mainly due to the time required to arrange laparoscopic equipment and limited surgical expertise, making open surgery appear faster and safer. However, times

The uterine artery  is one of the most important blood vessels in a woman’s body. It supplies nearly 80% of the blood flow to the uterus . Under normal conditions, the uterine artery carries about 100 ml of blood per minute . This means that if the artery bleeds continuously for just 10 minutes during surgery , it can result in nearly 1 litre of blood loss . What makes the uterine artery unique is its remarkable ability to adapt during pregnancy . In a healthy pregnancy, bloo