Endometriosis: When Period Pain Isn’t “Normal”

Most women experience menstrual discomfort at some point—but for millions worldwide, the pain is far from ordinary. Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often causing intense pain, heavy bleeding, and infertility. It affects an estimated 190 million women globally and can substantially impact quality of life.

What Is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis occurs when endometrial‑like tissue grows on organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic lining. Each menstrual cycle, this tissue reacts to hormones, leading to inflammation, scar tissue (adhesions), and considerable pelvic pain.

Common Symptoms

Women with endometriosis may experience:

• Severe menstrual cramps that interfere with work or daily life

• Pain during or after intercourse

• Difficulty conceiving

• Bloating, fatigue, and gastrointestinal discomfort around periods
  

Notably, symptoms aren’t always proportional to disease severity—some women with extensive endometriosis may have mild pain, while others with limited implants suffer debilitating symptoms.

How Endometriosis Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis typically begins with a detailed history and pelvic examination. Ultrasound can identify ovarian endometriomas (cysts), but laparoscopy—a minimally invasive surgical procedure—is the gold standard, allowing specialists to visualize and potentially remove disease lesions simultaneously.

Treatments That Make a Difference

Management depends on symptoms and fertility goals:

• Hormonal therapies (e.g., progestins) to suppress lesion growth

• Pain control with NSAIDs

• Laparoscopic surgery to excise implants and adhesions
  

Early identification and care can preserve fertility and reduce chronic pain. If painful periods or pelvic discomfort are affecting your life, consult our specialists to explore a tailored care plan.